Introduction
A pacemaker is a small device that helps control a slow heartbeat. Traditionally, pacemakers consist of a pulse generator implanted under the skin and lead wires that connect the device to the heart. However, thanks to modern technology, we now have leadless pacemakers – tiny, wireless devices that work inside the heart without the need for leads.
What is a Leadless Pacemaker?
A leadless pacemaker is a small, capsule-shaped device (about the size of a vitamin pill) that is placed directly inside the heart. Doctors insert it through a thin tube (catheter) that goes through a vein in the leg (no surgery needed) and placed inside the right ventricle. Once inside the heart, it sends tiny electrical signals to keep the heartbeat steady.
Advantages of Leadless Pacemakers
- Lower Infection Risk – Traditional pacemakers have wires that can break or cause infections. Leadless pacemakers don’t have wires, so they are safer.
- Small and more aesthetic – There is no bulky device under the skin, so it’s more comfortable and looks better.
- Quick Recovery – As it is not an open surgery, patients heal faster and can get back to normal life sooner.
- Longer Battery Life – Many leadless pacemakers last 12 to more than 20 years, so patients don’t need frequent replacements.
Are There Any Downsides?
- Not suitable for patients who have a weak heart (heart failure) as a traditional pacemaker would have more capabilities to improve heart function
- Hard to implant in small children weighing less than 20 kg
Popular Leadless Pacemakers
Some well-known leadless pacemakers include:
- Medtronic Micra – The first and most widely implanted leadless pacemaker.
- Abbott Aveir – A newer model with retrievability in mind and potential for dual-chamber pacing.
Conclusion
Leadless pacemakers are a significant advancement in heart care. They provide a safer, less invasive, and more comfortable option for patients who need help keeping their hearts beating properly. While they aren’t for everyone yet, they are changing lives and will continue to improve in the future.